Using the Kyoto Protocol as a stepping stone

Imitation as a Stepping Stone to Innovation

By creating a knowledge base that reduces innovation costs, imitation can serve as a stepping stone enabling …rms from lagging countries to undertake innovation. This paper constructs a product cycle model with this feature to determine what forces could cause a lagging country to shift R&D from imitation toward innovation. Increasing resources or subsidizing R&D in the lagging South increases ...

A Stepping Stone to Pluripotency

Somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells via either expression of transcription factors or addition of small molecule chemicals only. Zhao et al. reveal a unique intermediate state during chemical reprogramming allowing a significant improvement in its efficiency and kinetics.

Information Extraction as a Stepping Stone toward Story Understanding

Historically, story understanding systems have depended on a great deal of hand-crafted knowledge. Natural language understanding systems that use conceptual knowledge structures [Schank and Abelson, 1977; Cullingford, 1978; Wilensky, 1978; Carbonell, 1979; Lehnert, 1981; Kolodner, 1983] typically rely on enormous amounts of manual knowledge engineering. While much of the work on conceptual kno...

Stepping Stone Detection Analysis

A stumbling block or a stepping stone?

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